رمضان(Ramadan)

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic (Hijri) lunar calendar. Because the Islamic year is about 10 to 11 days shorter than the Gregorian year, Ramadan begins approximately 10 days earlier each year. It starts with the sighting of the new crescent moon and lasts 29 or 30 days.

Ramadan is the holiest month in Islam, during which Muslims fast from dawn (Fajr) to sunset (Maghrib) every day for the entire month. It commemorates the first revelation of the Quran to Prophet Muhammad. The fast is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is broken each evening with the Iftar meal.

Ramadan is observed by Muslims in every country in the world, with the largest Muslim populations in Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. It is a public holiday in many Muslim-majority countries and is observed by approximately 1.8 billion Muslims globally.

In Muslim-majority countries, Ramadan is treated as a special period with adjusted working hours. The start and end of Ramadan (marked by Eid al-Fitr) are public holidays. Businesses may have reduced hours and some government services operate on modified schedules during the month.

Ramadan traditions include the Suhoor (pre-dawn meal), the daily fast, the Iftar (breaking fast) meal, often shared with family and community. Special Tarawih prayers are performed each night. The last ten days are considered especially holy, and the night of Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Power) is the most significant night of the Islamic year.